How to Sign "Were"
To sign 'were', relax the dominant hand so it is flat. Bring the hand up, with the palm facing towards you, and wave the hand backwards over the shoulder of the dominant side. It should look like you are tossing something behind you.
Visual Logic(Etymology)
This sign visually relies on the ASL timeline, where time is represented spatially around the body. The space behind the signer's body represents the past. By taking your flat hand and tossing it backward over your shoulder, you are literally gesturing to the past, showing that the event is behind you.
Signing Tips
Focus on the ASL timeline. In ASL, the space in front of you is the future, right next to your body is the present, and behind you is the past. Tossing your hand backward over your shoulder clearly places the action in the past. Keep your hand relaxed and make a smooth, distinct backward motion.
Common Mistakes
A common mistake is making the movement too small or stiff. If you don't bring your hand far enough back over your shoulder, it might not clearly register as a past tense marker. Another mistake is using a rigid handshape; remember to keep your hand flat and relaxed.
Regional Variations
This sign is widely used and understood across the ASL community with minimal regional variation.
Examples Using "Were" in a Sentence
1We were at the store.
In ASL, you establish the past tense first. You would sign 'were' by tossing your relaxed hand over your shoulder, followed by 'we go store'.
2They were happy.
Sign 'were' by waving your flat hand backward over your shoulder to show the event happened in the past, then point to them and sign 'happy'.
3Where were you?
Point to the person, sign 'were' by tossing your hand back over your shoulder, and then sign 'where' while keeping your eyebrows furrowed to ask a question.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a specific sign just for the English word 'were'?
ASL doesn't use 'to be' verbs like 'am,' 'is,' 'are,' or 'were' the same way English does. Instead, you use the sign for 'past'—tossing your hand over your shoulder—to establish that the action already happened.
Do I need to sign 'were' in every past tense sentence?
Not always! In ASL, once you establish that you are talking about the past by signing 'were' (or 'yesterday'), you don't need to keep signing it for every sentence. The context stays in the past tense until you change it.
Which way should my palm face?
Your palm should face towards you as you bring your hand up. As you wave your hand backward over your shoulder, the palm naturally follows that backward motion, just like you are tossing something behind you.
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